Homeowners associations (HOAs) play a significant role in regulating multifamily housing communities, setting rules that affect landlords, tenants, and property owners alike. Their authority depends on state laws, the governing documents of the HOA, and the structure of the multifamily property itself.
How HOAs Govern Multifamily Housing
- HOA Bylaws and Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs)
- HOAs establish community rules through CC&Rs, which dictate property use, maintenance standards, and resident behavior.
- These rules apply to condo buildings, townhome complexes, and some apartment-style communities.
- In cities like Phoenix, AZ, and Miami, FL, HOA regulations can be strict, influencing everything from exterior modifications to rental policies.
- Authority Over Rental Policies
- Some HOAs set limits on short-term rentals (e.g., Airbnb restrictions in Austin, TX).
- Others require tenants to meet specific screening criteria or register with the HOA.
- In places like Los Angeles, CA, HOAs have been known to enforce caps on rental units within a complex.
- Maintenance and Common Area Regulations
- HOAs oversee shared amenities such as pools, gyms, and parking lots.
- They may enforce noise restrictions, waste disposal guidelines, and landscaping rules.
- In Chicago, IL, many condo HOAs regulate snow removal and building repairs to maintain property values.
- HOA Fees and Assessments
- Owners in multifamily communities often pay HOA fees for shared maintenance and services.
- Special assessments may be levied for large projects, such as roof repairs or infrastructure updates.
- Failure to pay HOA fees can result in fines or liens, which is common in HOA-governed condos in Denver, CO.
- Conflict Resolution and Enforcement
- HOAs have the power to fine residents or take legal action for rule violations.
- Disputes between landlords, tenants, and HOAs are often handled through mediation or legal channels.
- State laws, such as those in Florida, regulate how HOAs enforce rules to prevent overreach or discrimination.
Limitations of HOA Authority
- State and Local Laws Override HOA Rules
- HOAs cannot impose rules that violate tenant rights under state landlord-tenant laws.
- In New York, NY, rent control and fair housing laws supersede HOA rental restrictions.
- HOAs Cannot Evict Tenants
- While HOAs can fine property owners for violations, eviction authority remains with landlords or local courts.
Final Thoughts
HOAs have significant influence over multifamily housing communities, particularly in condominiums and townhome developments. However, their authority is limited by state and federal laws, ensuring that tenant rights and property owner freedoms are upheld. Whether renting in Seattle, WA, or Dallas, TX, tenants and landlords should understand their HOA’s rules and their legal boundaries.